Central coenzyme in oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production. Activates sirtuins (SIRT1-7) and PARP enzymes for DNA repair, gene regulation, and stress response. Declines ~50% from age 20 to 60.
IV NAD+ infusion for addiction recovery, neurodegeneration adjunct, energy/fatigue. Oral precursors (NMN, NR) for longevity.
Rapid IV infusion can cause flushing, nausea. Interactions with certain medications.
Robust preclinical lifespan extension. Human trials: IV NAD+ benefit in addiction, neurodegeneration, fatigue. Oral precursors (NMN, NR) have Phase I/II repletion data.
- 1.Rajman et al., Cell Metab 2018 — comprehensive NAD+ aging biology review with mechanistic framework
- 2.Martens et al., Nature Aging 2023 — NMN supplementation effects in older adults
- 3.Braidy et al., Sci Rep 2019 — IV NAD+ effects in aging populations
Human clinical evidence less robust than preclinical data. Optimal dosing, route, and frequency not established.
Alzheimer's disease trials ongoing. Cancer adjunct therapy. Metabolic syndrome applications.