Disrupts bacterial membranes via electrostatic interaction, neutralizes LPS to prevent septic shock, promotes wound healing via keratinocyte migration, modulates TLR signaling.
Wound healing (topical), antimicrobial adjunct, rosacea (emerging), diabetic ulcers. Compounding.
Active autoimmune disease. Psoriasis (LL-37 implicated in pathogenesis). Immune-sensitive conditions.
Strong in vitro and animal antimicrobial data. Phase II data in rosacea and diabetic foot ulcers. Topical use established; systemic human data limited.
- 1.Mookherjee et al., J Leukoc Biol 2006 — immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory signaling mechanisms
- 2.Ramos et al., J Invest Dermatol 2011 — wound healing Phase II outcomes
- 3.Schauber et al., J Clin Invest 2007 — skin barrier function and innate immunity
Endogenous peptide well-studied but exogenous therapeutic administration lacks clinical trial data. Stability and delivery challenges remain.
COVID-19 and respiratory infection applications. Vitamin D-LL-37 axis as therapeutic target. Biofilm disruption.