Promotes angiogenesis, modulates nitric oxide system bidirectionally, upregulates growth factor receptors on fibroblasts, stimulates Egr-1/NAB2/FAK-paxillin/JAK-2 pathways, enhances tight junction proteins.

Off-label compounding for gut healing, tendon/ligament injury, post-surgical recovery. Requires physician prescription.

Active malignancy. Pregnancy. Use with caution in patients on anticoagulants (angiogenic effects).

Extensive rodent data. Phase II human UC trial (topical) with positive signals. Over 100 published animal studies. Research concentrated at single institution.

  • 1.Sikiric P et al., 2017 — successful therapy of GI tract, periodontitis, liver/pancreas lesions. Safe in IBD trials. n=100+ studies, systematic review
  • 2.Sikiric P et al., 2021 — no reported toxicity (LD1 not achieved). Effective across skin wounds, burns, diabetic ulcers. Systematic review
  • 3.ACG 2025 systematic review — promise for mucosal protection, IBD, NSAID-injury mitigation. Use remains investigational

Vast majority of 100+ studies are animal-only. Research concentrated at University of Zagreb (single group raises reproducibility concern). Unregulated sourcing is a major safety concern.

Multiple sclerosis trial ongoing (Croatia). Oral capsule formulations gaining popularity. Under FDA regulatory review category.

iRemedy Sourcing Status
AVAILABLE
Available as compounding API — COA, lot documentation, full COO disclosure

iRemedy is a 50-state licensed, NABP-accredited wholesale distributor. Peptides supplied with full CoA, DSCSA serialization, and UPS Healthcare cold chain logistics. Wholesale to licensed healthcare facilities and compounding pharmacies only.

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